Nina Khalighi

Many studies and initiatives aimed at revitalizing historic areas, particularly in Iran, have primarily focused on physical and symbolic aspects, paying less attention to content, culture, and cultural values. This approach has led to the loss of cultural-historical values, wealth, and identity, the destruction of meaning and sense of place, the migration of many old residents, their replacement by the lower class, and ultimately the inefficiency of valuable areas and poor living quality. Revitalizing historic areas using a culture-based regeneration approach emphasizes preserving the continuity of historical values and making better use of cultural-identity heritage, enabling contemporary adaptation of these areas by connecting old and new physical and functional elements. Qatarchiyan neighborhood, one of the historic and identity-rich areas of Sanandaj, due to its structural features and central location, presents a suitable opportunity to become a cultural-tourist neighborhood based on a contextual urban design approach. The main aim of this research is to revitalize the valuable historical elements of Qatarchiyan neighborhood using a culture-based regeneration approach grounded in contextual urban design to preserve the authenticity and culture in the reuse of buildings and spaces. This research is of an applied and developmental nature, with data collection methods based on the study of upper-level documents, field observations, and semi-structured interviews. For the research, 22 interviews were conducted with the residents of Qatarchiyan neighborhood, adhering to the principles of inclusivity and gender equality. To ensure the accuracy of the obtained data, triangulation was used, supported by information from interviews, observations, and upper-level documents. Additionally, the research was supervised by three urban planning professors from Kurdistan University from start to finish. For data analysis, qualitative content analysis based on three-stage coding was employed. After the analyses, final sketches for the neighborhood's revitalization were presented. The findings indicated that attention to the valuable elements of the historic Qatarchiyan neighborhood and their revitalization can improve the quality of life in the area by leveraging its potentials while preserving and maintaining its identity and culture. This can, in turn, increase tourism investments, economic prosperity, and sustainable development from within. The results showed that in culture-based regeneration grounded in contextual urban design of Qatarchiyan neighborhood, factors such as cultural identity, urban regeneration, physical and environmental aspects, socio-cultural relationships, employment opportunities, environmental quality, sense of belonging, and residents' experiences were influential. Among these factors, cultural identity had the highest impact, and employment opportunities had the least impact from the perspective of Qatarchiyan residents.

This thesis investigates the innovative approach of designing outdoor spaces in apartment complexes by integrating children's participation with natural elements. In urban environments, residential outdoor spaces often fail to meet the diverse needs of all age groups, particularly children. This research aims to address this gap by actively involving children in the design process and incorporating natural elements to create child-friendly, engaging outdoor environments. Utilizing a combination of participatory design methods, case studies, and a comprehensive literature review, this study explores how children's input can be effectively integrated into the design of outdoor spaces within apartment complexes. Children’s participation was facilitated through interactive workshops and surveys, allowing them to articulate their preferences and ideas. A total of 251 children (52% girls, 48% boys) aged 8 to 12 participated in two phases: the first phase involved poster-making, while the second phase utilized visual questionnaires. The resulting images were analyzed to identify children's behavioral patterns, based on seven design strategies derived from the literature and case studies, with statistical analysis conducted using Excel. Additionally, this research explores the benefits of natural elements—such as vegetation, water features, and natural play materials—in enhancing children's outdoor experiences. The results revealed 26 distinct behaviors that children preferred to engage in within apartment complex outdoor spaces. Based on these behaviors, preliminary design interventions were proposed and evaluated through the visual questionnaires. The most frequently observed behaviors were incorporated into final design recommendations. Thematic analysis was also employed to group related behaviors, leading to the identification of key behavioral clusters. Building on these findings, the study proposes design strategies aimed at promoting children’s cognitive, emotional, and social development through interactions with natural elements. The results demonstrate that involving children in the design process not only results in more attractive and functional spaces but also fosters a stronger sense of ownership and environmental connection among young users. Furthermore, the integration of natural elements significantly enhances the aesthetic, ecological, and well-being aspects of the residential environment. In conclusion, this thesis provides valuable insights and practical recommendations for architects, planners, and urban designers. It advocates for a holistic approach to designing outdoor spaces in apartment complexes, one that embraces children's perspectives and leverages the benefits of natural elements to foster community participation, sustainability, and the well-being of all residents

Our research under the title of improvement and reconstruction of Modares street in Kermanshah is complete with regard to the characteristics of the street. The appropriate solution to solve those challenges, we have carried out investigations and according to the characteristics of the complete street and field investigations and behavior studies conducted in the form of station behavior studies and interviews through questionnaires and qualitative questions and obtaining information and data and qualitative analysis of information in the framework of the case design. We have provided an opinion to propose and present to solve some of the street problems. One of the most important results of this research is the extraction of the potential features of Kamel Street in Modares Street, Kermanshah. Also, the other most important results are the presentation of the proposed design of Kamel Street, which includes both pedestrian and vehicular dimensions, which is important to cooperate with. The people in the preparation of this plan are more important than its results.Streets as the structure and ossification in cities are considered an important part of the foundation of the city and urban space, and the residents of human settlements have their interactions in these streets, whether social interactions or economic interactions, so streets are an important part of the city for the social life of citizens, with the passage of time and With the increasing production of motorized vehicles, we are witnessing the diminution of the presence of people on the streets to the point where the main priority of the street is the easier traffic of vehicles rather than pedestrians and human users, and it has moved away from its traditional meaning.Modares street of Kermanshah, which was built in 1314 with a length of 1840 meters, which is considered one of the most important and main streets of Kermanshah city since its establishment, and with the passage of time and the increase in the city's population, changes have taken place in this street and from Its main purpose is the priority of pedestrian access, and with a very large volume of private cars during the day, we see extensive interference in the dimensions of riders and pedestrians. The social, economic, cultural, physical, and street use has had an impact and has made the street face many challenges, such as jeopardizing the safety of pedestrians, jeopardizing the uses and historical bodies that line the street, visual microbial and environmental pollution, and jeopardizing green spaces. Available on the street and.

The global challenge has been the increase in the elderly population. To succeed in old age, it is necessary to perform recreational activities for the elderly. One of the simplest forms of entertainment is engaging in activities and interactions in the green spaces of neighboring units. Most contemporary literature has recently focused on the needs and preferences of the elderly as the main concern. The main objective of the current research is to uncover and extract concepts and issues that impact the needs and preferences of the elderly in neighborhood green spaces. The current research uses a qualitative approach Three data collection methods are employed in this research: behavioral recording, semi structured interviews, and behavior tracking. Each method's data was analyzed and interpreted separately. By using maps, behavioral data, and behavior tracking were also analyzed. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze interview data and extract the main themes (concepts). This study involved elderly individuals who were 65 years or older and were present at nine green spaces in Sanandaj city neighborhoods. The present study shows that elderly people's preferences for the design of green spaces in their neighborhood unit are influenced by the dominant theme of walking, which is a maximum of 500 meters and should be divided into hundred-meter segments. According to the preferences of elderly people in the park, who tend to sit in the corner, it is recommended to have a distance between gender territories of at least 30 meters and no more than 100 meters, to ensure maximum visual interaction and minimal audio interaction. Our findings also showed that the elderly prefer to hang out with their peers, On the other hand, women mostly sit in the entrances and strategic places of the space in such a way that they can monitor the whole space; But the men sit around, in the corners of the spaces. Thus, based on these findings, the most recent research model will be presented.

Old urban contexts play a crucial role in shaping the functional spatial structure of cities due to their historical significance, valuable architectural elements, strong social cohesion, and favorable communication dynamics. These localities have been interconnected through multi-dimensional relationships over many years. However, with the passage of time, these once-thriving old neighborhoods have become disconnected from each other, losing their former vibrancy. Sartpoule and Qe La Chavaran, situated within the historic fabric of Sanandaj city, exemplify this trend, particularly with the establishment of Shahada Street in the 1940s. This study seeks to revitalize social bonds and interactions among residents of Sartpoule and Qe La Chavaran by leveraging the potential of the old urban fabric and implementing cultural urban regeneration strategies. Quantitative and qualitative research methods, including semi-structured interviews, were employed in this study. Through a combination of library research and field studies conducted in two stages, questions for semi-structured interviews were formulated based on research background and a conceptual model, with input from three urban planning professors. Subsequently, a total of 28 in-depth interviews were conducted with residents of both neighborhoods to achieve theoretical saturation. These interviews took place in July 1402 (according to the Hijri calendar), with equal participation of 14 women and 14 men over two consecutive weeks, both morning and afternoon, in Sartpoule and Qe La Chavaran, with consent for recording. The findings, analyzed through qualitative content analysis using a three-step coding process, revealed that six dimensions—folklore, ease of movement and access, security, climatic comfort and convenience, urban furniture, and facilities—significantly influence the connection between Sartpoule and Qe La Chavaran. Among these dimensions, folklore emerged as the most crucial, serving to strengthen other aspects from the residents' perspective. Additionally, the mosques were identified as focal points of prosperity in the area. To enhance connectivity between the urban peripheries of these neighborhoods, organizing culturally and artistically relevant events tailored to the Sanandaj context, such as traditional music performances, communal dances, and cultural showcases, was deemed highly effective.

پراهمیت ترین فضاهای شهری، فضاهای همگانی هستند که به علت کمبود و عدم کارایی الزم، از دلپذیری محیطهای شهری کاسته اند. فضاهای عمومی شهری که در جهت ایجاد تعامالت وسیع و با توجه به نیاز زنان طراحیشده باشند، کمتر در ایران می توان دید. همچنین در کشور ما، به جز مواردی اندک، توجه الزم به موضوع شادکامی و ادراک زنان در پارکهای شهری نشده است. این مطالعه به شناسایی شاخصهای مؤثر بر شادی زنان در بازطراحی پارک های شهری )پارک شهری دیدگاه سنندج( میپردازد. چهار شاخص شادکامی در پارکهای شهری با استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه ای شامل ادراکات محیطی، کیفیت فضای شهری، تعامالت اجتماعی-فرهنگی و امکانات محیطی است. دادههای موردبررسی از روش رفتارنگاری ایستگاهی، مشاهده میدانی، مطالعات اسنادی و از پرسشنامه بهمنظور سنجش و ارزیابی میزان شادی زنان و رضایت از کیفیت فضای شهری و امکانات محیطی در پارک شهری، گردآوری شده است. درنتیجه این تحقیق، مشاهده شد که نفوذپذیری پایین پارک و دید کم با بروز رفتارهای منفی و پنهانی و احساس ناامنی بانوان در فضای شهری ارتباط دارد. به همین ترتیب، عدم وجود عملکرد متناسب با گروه های مختلف سنی به ویژه زنان و کودکان و کیفیت مبلمان تأثیر به سزایی در حضور پذی ری پارک و شاد ی در پارک دارد در ادراک مطلوب زنان از پارک تأثیرگذار است. این نتایج نشان میدهد که معماری و شهرسازی تکم یلشده از مفاهیم اولیه کالبدی، با امکان تقویت درک واقعیت شهر ی، شادکامی شهروندان را فراهم میکند.

حس مکان به معنای ادراک ذهنی مردم از محیط و احساسات کم و بیش آگاهانه آنها از محیط خود است که شخص را در ارتباطی درونی با محیط قرار داده است ، به طوری که فهم واحساس فرد با زمینه معنایی محیط پیوند خورده و یکپارچه می شود. این حس عاملی است که موجب تبدیل یک فضا به مکانی با خصوصیات حسی و رفتاری ویژه برای افراد خاص شده است ؛ به همین دلیل حس مکان یکی از مولفه های اصلی در میزان ارزشمندی بافت های شهری محسوب شده و از این رو بازارهای سنتی یکی از فضاهایی است که در طول سالیان متمادی ، پیوندی مهم و استوار بین مراکز سه گانه مذهب ، اقتصاد و سیاست ایجاد کرده است و به عنوان عنصر مهم شهرها به شمار رفته اما نقشی که در گذشته خود داشت و پذیرای بازه های مختلف سنی بود امروزه کمتر مورد استقبال خصوصا قشر جوان قرار می گیرد از اینرو هدف پژوهش حاضر اینست که با ایجاد مدل حاصل از استخراج معیارها و شاخص های حس مکان جوانان در بازار سنتی کرمانشاه و بررسی نقاط ضعف و مشکلات موجود و ارائه سند چارچوب طراحی شهری جهت ارائه سیاست هایی برای رفع نقایص و ارتقا بازار از دیدگاه جوانان بپردازد. روش تحقیق این پژوهش از نظر هدف از دسته تحقیق های کاربردی محسوب می شود. از نظر ماهیت و روش، این مطالعه از روش توصیفی – همبستگی است . در بخش ابتدایی این پژوهش با استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه ای و به روش اسنادی ، استخراج معیارها و شاخص های حس مکان جوانان در بازار از دل اسناد و ادبیات مرتبط با موضوع و نمونه های خارجی و داخلی صورت گرفت. همچنین در بخش کمی این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری مبتنی بر PLS (حداقل مربعات جزیی) به بررسی داده های 325 پرسشنامه توزیع شده در میان جوانان بازه سنی 18 تا 35 سال شهر کرمانشاه پرداخته شده است. یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که از دیدگاه جوانان ، عامل ادراکی - معنایی بالاترین تاثیرگذاری را بر حس مکان در بازار سنتی کرمانشاه دارد و سپس عوامل کارکردی – عملکردی و در نهایت کالبدی - عینی در رتبه های بعدی قرار گرفتند. از بین مولفه ها نیز به ترتیب کاربری و فعالیت ، راحتی و تصورپذیری ، معماری و طراحی شهری ، دسترسی و ارتباط ، خاطره انگیزی ، قابلیت اجتماعی ، هویت و امنیت بالاترین امتیاز را کسب کردند. سپس مدل پیشنهادی با تمام مولفه ها ، معیارها و شاخص ها بوسیله آزمون های معادلات ساختاری تایید شد و در نهایت چارچوب و سند طراحی شهری جهت ارتقا حس مکان جوانان در بازار سنتی کرمانشاه تدوین گردید.

در شرایط فعلی، زندگی انسانها نسبت به دهه های اخیر دچار تغییراتی اساسی شده است. انسان امروز، دیگر مانند گذشته اکثر وقت خود را در کنار هم نوعانش سپری نمی کند. لذا در عصر جدید، گذران زندگی همسو شده با گسترش شهرنشینی، کم رنگ شدن تعاملات اجتماعی و بروز انواع و اقسام مشکلات که انسان را احاطه کرده اند. از این رو می باشد که توجه به موضوعی مانند "مکان سوم" اهمیت پیدا می کند، زیرا می تواند خلاء میان محیط کار و زندگی ماشینی در خانه را پر کند. مکان سوم سعی دارد فرصتی را مهیا سازد تا انسان در کنار کار و زندگی شخصی، وقتی را نیز به دور از دغدقه های روزمره برای خود اختصاص دهد. ماهیت این پژوهش نیز مبتنی بر نظریه مکان سوم است که سعی دارد، اصلی ترین فاکتورهای مقبولیت یک مکان سوم را از نگاه شهروندان شهر سنندج بشناسد. همچنین در این پژوهش همراه با شناخت فکتورهای مذکور، به فرهنگ جامعه نیز پرداخته شد، لذا فرهنگ هر جامعه ای بر اعتقادات، نیازها و انتخاب های آن مردم اثر گذار می باشد. داده های این پژوهش نیز از طریق طرح پرسشنامه و پرسش سوالات باز گرد آمده است، و روش تحقیق بکار گرفته شده در پژوهش از نوع توصیفی و تشریحی می باشد. در انتها داده های گردآوری شده با نرم افزار "اس پی اس اس" مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد، به ترتیب: توجه به مبلمان مناسب، داشتن احساس آرامش و احساس امنیت از اصلی ترین علل انتخاب یک مکان سوم از سوی شهروندان هستند. همچنین مشخص شد، توجه به امکان برگزاری مراسمات و پاسداشت آیین های ملی و مذهبی نقشی مهم در طراحی میعادگاه ادب و هنر شهر سنندج دارد. از طرفی دیگر سعی شد، در طراحی میعادگاه ادب و هنر از پتانسیل های فرهنگی و هنری مجموعه استفاده شود تا در کنار توجه به یافته های پژوهش، مکانی رویدادپذیر و کنش گر برای شهر خلق شود.